Tourniquets frequently are used in orthopaedic surgery to provide a bloodless field. There is still controversy among authors regarding the benefits and potential risks of using a tourniquet. The objective of this prospective randomized study was to quantify the effect of tourniquet use on postoperative swelling, pain, and range of motion after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. Fifty-four patients with closed ankle fractures were treated surgically; 26 patients were operated on using a thigh tourniquet (Group A), and 28 patients had surgery without the use of a tourniquet (Group B). The groups of patients were similar for age, gender, fracture types, and operative procedures. There was no difference in operation time. Using a tourniquet during open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures did increase postoperative swelling and postoperative pain at Day 5 and at Week 6 after surgery. We found a trend for a better range of motion in the ankle until the 6-week followup in the nontourniquet group compared with the group in which the tourniquet was inflated. According to these results we do not recommend using a tourniquet for osteosynthesis of ankle fractures.
Level of evidence: Therapeutic study, Level I-1 (randomized controlled trial). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.