Introduction: Acceleration directed along the body's z-axis (Gz) leads to misperception of the elevation of visual objects (the "elevator illusion"), most probably as a result of errors in the transformation from eye-centered to head-centered coordinates. We have investigated whether the location of sound sources is misperceived under increased Gz.
Method: Visually guided localization responses were made, using a remotely controlled laser pointer, to virtual auditory targets under conditions of 1 and 4 Gz induced in a human centrifuge. As these responses would be expected to be affected by the elevator illusion, we also measured the effect of Gz on the accuracy with which subjects could point to the horizon.
Results: Horizon judgments were lower at 4 Gz than at 1 Gz, so sound localization responses at 4 Gz were corrected for this error in the transformation from eye-centered to head-centered coordinates. We found that the accuracy and bias of sound localization are not significantly affected by increased Gz.
Conclusion: The auditory modality is likely to provide a reliable means of conveying spatial information to operators in dynamic environments in which Gz can vary.