A wide range of surgical procedures are performed for either benign and malignant esophageal lesions, that may be classified as demolitive or conservative interventions. The former is characterized by resection and replacement of the esophagus with another organ, whereas conservative surgery is obtained preserving esophageal function without resection. Knowledge of surgical techniques and major complications is extremely important for a correctly performed radiographic study and a proper interpretation of the imaging findings. Functional evaluation of the operated alimentary tract and early detection of postoperative complications are essential for a successful recovery of esophageal surgery patients. We provide a brief overview of the main esophageal surgical procedures, reporting our experience on postoperative imaging of 104 patients submitted to surgery for either benign or malignant esophageal disease during a 6-year period.