Understanding the molecular changes that occur during the window of implantation is fundamental to our knowledge of human reproduction. Lately, the development of microarray technology has allowed this process to be studied from a global molecular perspective. In the last 2 years, researchers have focused their efforts on throwing light on the gene expression profile of the receptive endometrium. The genes hold the key to the development of the endometrium at any stage, and we have focused our work on the window of implantation. The four most recently published works in this field have revealed a long list of genes that are up- or downregulated at the time of implantation. Although these studies have been conducted using varying approaches, collectively these studies identify new candidate markers that can be used to accurately diagnose the receptive state of the endometrium. The next step is to perform functional analysis for confirming the importance of these genes. In this article, we gather together these recent findings to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the genetic functioning of human endometrial receptivity and related processes.