Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic findings of 58 patients with proven ischemic colitis and to evaluate whether any of the findings are related to the presence or development of transmural necrosis.
Materials and methods: We reviewed the histories of patients diagnosed with ischemic colitis over a period of 5.5 years. Sixty-two patients had undergone sonographic examinations. The spectrum of sonographic findings in ischemic colitis was based on the original imaging report, with an analysis of the presence of colonic abnormalities and their associated alterations. In the second part of the study, we divided the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of transmural necrosis, and the sonographic findings of each group were compared. Ten patients had sonographic follow-up studies during their hospital stay.
Results: The prospective sensitivity of sonography for the characterization of colonic abnormalities was 93.5% (58/62 patients). Segmental involvement was detected in 57 of the 58 patients, with left-sided colitis in 47 (81%). The mean length of bowel involved was 19 cm, with a mean wall thickness of 7.6 mm. Colon wall stratification was preserved in 38 patients (66%). Altered pericolic fat was observed in 16 patients (28%). Absence of or barely visible color Doppler flow in the thickened bowel wall was recorded in 80% of patients. Altered pericolic fat was the only sonographic variable significantly associated with the presence of transmural necrosis (p = 0.004). Improvement as assessed on sonography was observed in all patients with a good clinical course. In patients with transmural necrosis, sonography did not show improvement.
Conclusion: Sonography is a valuable technique for the detection of colonic abnormalities resulting from ischemic colitis. In this study, altered pericolic fat or the absence of improvement in sonographic follow-up studies were factors associated with transmural necrosis.