A recently developed assay for quantification of remnant-like particle cholesterol has provided considerable evidence that reinforces the concept that elevated levels of plasma remnants are associated with increased cardiovascular disease in different populations and distinct patient groups. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the most recently published studies, emphasizing the clinical relevance of remnant analysis. We discuss recent evidence that sheds light on the mechanisms that may underlie the atherogenicity of remnant lipoproteins. Taken together, these data provide new insight into the significance of remnant lipoproteins in the onset and development of premature atherosclerosis.