Statistical design of experiments: study of cross-linking process through the phase-resolved photoacoustic method as a multivariable response

Appl Spectrosc. 2005 Feb;59(2):173-80. doi: 10.1366/0003702053085025.

Abstract

This work presents an add-on result of cross-linking using photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) phases in a multivariable process using the phase-resolved photoacoustic (PRPA) method. The method is tested to separate contributions from groupings -OH, -CH(2)-, -CH(3), and Si-OH overtones in the range from 700 to 2600 nm. Samples of the copolymers ethylene vinyltrimethoxysilane (EVS) and grafted vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTS) on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared having concentrations (C) of 3, 5, and 7% of catalyst and temperatures (T) of 70, 80, and 90 degrees C. By considering the condensation reaction, the reduction of -OH groups is monitored. The PRPA analysis was carried out using the surface response methodology and results indicated the optimum point for both answers (signal and phase-resolved) and for both factors of interest (C, T). For the copolymers, it was found that C approximately (5.00 +/- 1.14)% and T approximately (82.4 +/- 4.3) degrees C, while for grafted LDPE PE(g) it was found that C approximately (4.92 +/- 0.85)% and T approximately (80.8 +/- 2.5) degrees C. These results agreed with the chemical analysis for gel content, which showed as the optimum point 5% of catalyst and temperature of 80 degrees C. Further, it is an advantage that the photoacoustic method allows one to per- form a nondestructive analysis.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Acoustics
  • Algorithms*
  • Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques*
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / analysis
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / chemistry*
  • Data Interpretation, Statistical
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Lasers
  • Multivariate Analysis*
  • Polymers / analysis
  • Polymers / chemistry*
  • Principal Component Analysis
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Research Design*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Spectrum Analysis / methods*

Substances

  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Polymers