Purpose. - Thalidomide, a major teratogen drug, was rehabilitated mainly in malignant hemopathy. Current knowledge and key points. - Thalidomide-mechanisms of action are well known, multiple, they combine immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic properties, and the modulation of cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Multiple trials are ongoing, however, the main indication remain multiple myeloma with a response rate of 30% in relapsed patients. Future prospects and projects. - New structural analogues of the thalidomide which priviligiate some of the thalidomide-specific mechanisms of action, the selected cytokine inhibitory drugs (SelCIDS) and the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) family are under evaluation. The IMiDs, which mechanism is based on stimulation of T lymphopoiesis rather than inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, are under clinical trials in multiple myeloma with interesting results.