Anthrax vaccination has been used in an effort to prevent infection should anthrax be used as a biological weapon, and widespread use has been considered in the event of another anthrax attack on American soil, but the long-term impact of anthrax vaccination on reproductive outcome is unknown. We found that exposure to the anthrax vaccine by males who were undergoing assisted reproduction did not negatively impact semen parameters, fertilization rate, embryo quality, or clinical pregnancy rates.