Abstract
Quinolone resistance is caused mainly by chromosomal mutations in gram negative bacteria. In 1998, plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in clinical isolates was first reported in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Locus qnr (quinolone resistance) was responsible of the quinolone resistance in this plasmid. qnr codes a protein whose function is protect both DNA-girase and topoisomerase IV from these antimicrobials. Moreover, qnr is located in an integron-like structure upstream of qacEDelta y sul1. A review of the information obtained in the last years about this mechanism of resistance was performed.
MeSH terms
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Bacteria / drug effects
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Bacteria / enzymology
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Bacteria / genetics
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Bacterial Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
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Bacterial Proteins / genetics
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Bacterial Proteins / physiology*
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Biological Transport, Active / genetics
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Carrier Proteins / genetics
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Carrier Proteins / physiology
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DNA Gyrase / genetics
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DNA Topoisomerase IV / antagonists & inhibitors
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DNA Topoisomerase IV / genetics
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Drug Resistance / genetics
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Drug Resistance / physiology*
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Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
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Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / physiology
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Escherichia coli / drug effects
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Escherichia coli / genetics
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Escherichia coli Proteins / genetics
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Escherichia coli Proteins / physiology*
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Gene Order
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Genes, Bacterial
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Klebsiella pneumoniae / drug effects
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Klebsiella pneumoniae / genetics
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Quinolones / pharmacokinetics
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Quinolones / pharmacology*
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R Factors / physiology*
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Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
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beta-Lactam Resistance / genetics
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beta-Lactam Resistance / physiology
Substances
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Bacterial Proteins
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Carrier Proteins
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Escherichia coli Proteins
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Qnr protein, E coli
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Qnr protein, Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Quinolones
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Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
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DNA Topoisomerase IV
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DNA Gyrase