Objective: Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is a major cause of recurrent bleeding. Haemostatic abnormalities have been implicated in the haemorrhage from these common vascular lesions but their precise contribution remains to be established. Our aim was to investigate whether bleeding angiodysplasia is associated with any specific coagulation disorder.
Methods: Clinical features and blood samples were prospectively obtained from 21 patients with bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia 3 months after the last episode of haemorrhage. Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), tissue-plasminogen activator activity, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and activated factor VII (FVIIa-rTF) were measured. A group of 14 patients with bleeding duodenal ulcer were similarly studied as controls.
Results: Mean plasma von Willebrand factor levels were higher in angiodysplasia patients (208+/-12%) than in controls (143+/-11%) (P<0.05). D-dimer levels (661+/-80 ng/ml) and tissue-plasminogen activator activity levels (2.04+/-0.14 IU/ml) were also higher than in controls: 395+/-99 ng/ml and 1.6+/-0.1 IU/ml, respectively (P<0.05), whereas levels of PAI-1, FVIIa-rTF and tissue factor pathway inhibitor were similar in both groups. However, PAI-1 levels (31.5+/-11 ng/ml) were lower in high-bleeding-rate angiodysplasia (more than two bleeding episodes/year) than in low-bleeding-rate angiodysplasia (< or = 2 bleeding episodes/year) (PAI-1 47+/-14 ng/ml) (P<0.05). In a multivariate regression analysis, the plasma level of PAI-1 was a predictor of haemorrhage from angiodysplasia (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Increased plasma fibrinolytic activity may contribute to bleeding from angiodysplasia. Low plasma PAI-1 levels constitute a risk factor for bleeding tendency in patients with angiodysplasia.