Scientific and technological progress in the life sciences and modern biotechnology is continuing at a breathtaking pace. At the same time, the potential implications for individuals and society are giving rise to intense debate. This article gives a background to the European Institute of Women's Health (EIWH) and the work of the organisation in contributing to and developing policy at a European level. We will identify the policy issues related to gender-based healthcare research arising from the EU 6th Framework Programme for Research, which was introduced this year, and the implications for the EU Public Health Strategy. Additionally, the issues of personalized medicine and the promise of biotechnology for improved medicines and healthcare will be addressed from a gender perspective. What are the prospects in the medium and long term? How can we best address the ethical and socio-economic implications?