In older healthy men, aerobic exercise capacity is related to postischemic flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD), but corresponding data in a younger population is not available. In addition, whether submaximal aerobic exercise performance also correlates with this kind of vasomotor reactivity is not known. Therefore, in 15 nonsmoking young healthy men [age 27 (5) years; body mass index: 24 (2) kg/m(2); mean (SD)] with different levels of ordinary physical activity, but not performing upper-extremity training, we measured FMD at 1 min after reactive hyperemia, and pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO(2)) at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO(2)AT) and at peak effort (peak VO(2)) during an incremental exercise on a treadmill. In our participants, FMD was 9.1 (3.4)%, VO(2)AT was 40.72 (5.92) ml/kg per min, and peak VO(2) was 52.95 (8.13) ml/kg per min. Using bivariate Pearson's correlation, and in separate multivariate regression analyses, VO(2)AT and peak VO(2) showed a significant and reasonably good correlation with FMD (r = 0.84, P < 0.001 and r = 0.77, P = 0.001, respectively), independent of age, body mass index and serum total cholesterol (beta = 0.77, P < 0.001, R(2) of the overall model = 0.79 and beta = 0.70, P < 0.005, R(2) of the overall model = 0.69, respectively). Our data provide evidence suggesting that in young healthy men a higher submaximal and maximal aerobic exercise performance is associated with a greater FMD of peripheral conduit arteries.