The etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown in the majority of the cases. Although Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus and human herpes virus-8 have been established as casual agents in the pathogenesis of specific types of lymphoma, the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in lymphomagenesis remains controversial, with marked geographic variability. We conducted an epidemiologic study to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with lymphoma in South Florida. Ninety consecutive patients with lymphoma and 96 consecutive control patients with solid tumors were tested for HCV. HCV infection was detected in 2 patients with NHL (2.2%) and in 4 control patients (4.1%). Our study does not support the association between HCV and lymphoma in South Florida, US.