A highly conserved glycine within linker I and the extreme C terminus of G protein alpha subunits interact cooperatively in switching G protein-coupled receptor-to-effector specificity

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Apr;313(1):78-87. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.080424. Epub 2004 Dec 22.

Abstract

Numerous studies have attested to the importance of the extreme C terminus of G protein alpha subunits in determining their selectivity of receptor recognition. We have previously reported that a highly conserved glycine residue within linker I is important for constraining the fidelity of receptor recognition by Galpha(q) proteins. Herein, we explored whether both modules (linker I and extreme C terminus) interact cooperatively in switching G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-to-effector specificity and created as models mutant Galpha(q) proteins in which glycine was replaced with various amino acids and the C-terminal five Galpha(q) residues with the corresponding Galpha(i) or Galpha(s) sequence. Coupling properties of the mutated Galpha(q) proteins were determined after coexpression with a panel of 13 G(i)-and G(s) -selective receptors and compared with those of Galpha proteins modified in only one module. Galpha proteins modified in both modules are significantly more efficacious in channeling non-G(q) -selective receptors to G(q)-mediated signaling events compare with those containing each module alone. Additive effects of both modules were observed even if individual modules lacked an effect on GPCR-to-effector specificity. Dually modified Galpha proteins were also superior in conferring high-affinity agonist sites onto a coexpressed GPCR in the absence, but not in the presence, of guanine nucleotides. Together, our data suggest that receptor-G protein coupling selectivity involves cooperative interactions between the extreme C terminus and linker I of Galpha proteins and that distinct determinants of selectivity exist for individual receptors.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western
  • COS Cells
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • Conserved Sequence
  • DNA / biosynthesis
  • DNA / genetics
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / metabolism*
  • Glycine / metabolism*
  • Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / pharmacology
  • Inositol Phosphates / metabolism
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Transfection

Substances

  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits
  • Inositol Phosphates
  • Ligands
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)
  • DNA
  • Calcium
  • Glycine