Over the past decade, there has been an increase in premature births. Children born prematurely often present with complex medical conditions; some require a tracheostomy. Although many children with tracheostomies require assistance to achieve effective communication, speech-language pathologists may have limited information with respect to the medical issues and communication needs of this population. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, a review of basic information on tracheostomy and ventilatory support in the pediatric population is provided. Second, information on the assessment of communication skills and intervention specific to voice for the child with a tracheostomy is detailed. Two case studies are presented. The case studies illustrate the diversity and medical complexity common to this population and provide practical information for the clinician working with a child with a tracheostomy.