Irritable bowel syndrome creates many diagnostic and treatment difficulties in a general practitioner practice as well as in a specialist practice. Etiopathogenesis of this illness still elicit some controversy. In a diagnostic process, apart from an organic basis excluding, the most important is a medical history of a patient because of the fact that a right symptoms interpretation usually allows a correct diagnosis establishment. A treatment is in its premise a symptomatic treatment, is long-lasting and based on a mutual trust between a doctor and a patient. Basic information concerning this illness is presented in this article.