In early 2004, Dr Don Brash, leader of the National Party (New Zealand's opposition political party), gave a speech to a community group regarding what he perceived to be the preferential treatment of Maori in health and education policies. This viewpoint article is written by a group of concerned medical students at Otago University. It argues that epidemiological data provide strong support for specifically addressing Maori health need, whilst the Treaty of Waitangi represents a contractual obligation on behalf of the New Zealand Government to ensure equity of outcome for Maori. Underpinning both the epidemiological and legal arguments, are ethical principles. The central tenets of medicine (ie, to reduce suffering, and to improve and prolong the quality and length of life) should provide a strong driving force to address these inequalities.