Neurodevelopmental study of writing disorders in middle childhood

J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1992 Feb;13(1):17-23.

Abstract

This study investigated patterns of neurodevelopmental dysfunction in children with writing disorders (WD). Records of children, ages 9 to 15 years, referred to a school problems clinic were examined. Using teacher questionnaire information, including ratings of writing legibility, mechanics, rate, linguistic sophistication, and spelling, 99 cases of WD were found. Sixty-three children without WD served as clinic controls. A cluster analysis revealed four discrete subtypes of WD and two non-WD control clusters. The four WD clusters were found to have different patterns of writing and reading characteristics. Neurodevelopmental tests discriminated among the clusters (F = 2.8, p less than .0001), and an examination of neurodevelopmental performance characteristics among the clusters showed different patterns of strengths and weaknesses. An empirically derived subtyping of WD is proposed: WD with fine motor and linguistic deficits, WD with visual-spatial deficits, WD with attention and memory deficits, and WD with sequencing deficits. This subtyping, if confirmed in a population study, may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Achievement
  • Adolescent
  • Agraphia / diagnosis*
  • Agraphia / psychology
  • Agraphia / rehabilitation
  • Apraxias / diagnosis
  • Apraxias / psychology
  • Apraxias / rehabilitation
  • Attention
  • Child
  • Female
  • Handwriting*
  • Humans
  • Intelligence
  • Language Development Disorders / diagnosis
  • Language Development Disorders / psychology
  • Language Development Disorders / rehabilitation
  • Learning Disabilities / diagnosis*
  • Learning Disabilities / psychology
  • Learning Disabilities / rehabilitation
  • Male
  • Mental Recall
  • Motor Skills
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Psychomotor Performance