Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of clonal B-cells that accounts for 10% of all hematologic malignancies. We have shown previously that a novel purine analogue, 8-chloro-adenosine, has significant activity for MM in preclinical studies.
Objective: Using MM cell lines, we investigated the molecular mechanism of related congener of adenosine, 8-amino-adenosine (8-NH2-Ado).
Methods: We employed biological and biochemical assays in MM cell lines to evaluate the clinical potential of 8-NH2-Ado.
Results: In MM cell lines both sensitive and resistant to conventional chemotherapies, 8-NH2-Ado is cytotoxic, with IC50 ranging from 300 nmol/L to 3 micromol/L. A mouse leukemic cell line lacking adenosine kinase activity was resistant to 8-NH2-Ado, indicating that phosphorylation of 8-NH2-Ado to its triphosphate form is required for cytotoxicity. A 4-hour incubation of MM cells with 10 micromol/L analogue resulted in an accumulation of >7 mmol/L 8-NH2-ATP with a parallel decline in the endogenous ATP levels. Accumulation of 8-NH2-ATP was dependent on both exogenous concentration of 8-NH2-Ado and incubation time. The accumulation of 8-NH2-ATP was accompanied by a decrease in both RNA and DNA synthesis. The mechanism of 8-NH2-Ado-mediated cytotoxicity was due to apoptosis as measured by an increase in Annexin V binding, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in caspase activity, cleavage of caspase substrates, and an increase in cells with a sub-G1 DNA content.
Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that 8-NH2-Ado may hold great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MM.