The study was performed to evaluate neurological complication of 562 patients who had undergone primary total hip replacement. Lesions of sciatic, femoral and common peroneal nerve occurred in 18 patients (3.2%). Paresis of peroneal nerve was demonstrated in 15 patients. Within this group 7 patients had elongation of the extremity above 4 cm, and 8 patient had it in the range of 2-3 cm. Paresis of common peroneal nerve took place after direct compression of region of fibular head. Lesion of femoral nerve happened twice. In the group of 14 patients clinical symptoms of nerve paresis healed spontaneously in 6-12 month time. In the group of 4 patients (0.7%) constant lost of dorsal flexion of the foot was observed.