Efficient, near-complete removal of DNAPL from three-dimensional, heterogeneous porous media using a novel combination of treatment technologies

Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Oct 1;38(19):5149-56. doi: 10.1021/es0344765.

Abstract

Remediation of porous media containing an entrapped dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) is extremely difficult due to the heterogeneity and three-dimensional spatial nature of typical natural systems. A novel treatment technology based on surfactant- and gravity-induced mobilization, dense brine containment and collection, and a vapor-phase extraction polishing step is proposed as a means to remediate such systems. Laboratory experiments are performed using the suggested methodology applied to three-dimensional, heterogeneous systems, which are packed based upon a realization from a correlated random field. Entrapped DNAPL is effectively removed as a result of each component of the technology. Following vapor extraction, less than 1% of the original DNAPL mass remained in the system. While these results are very promising, several open issues must be resolved before this technology can be considered mature; both the investigation of some of these issues and a summary of remaining needs are addressed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Gravitation
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Porosity
  • Soil Pollutants / isolation & purification*
  • Solubility
  • Surface-Active Agents / chemistry*
  • Volatilization

Substances

  • Soil Pollutants
  • Surface-Active Agents