Background and purpose: Nosocomial bloodstream infection (NBSI) is common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study evaluated the incidence, causative pathogens, and outcome of NBSIs in hospitalized HIV-infected patients at a university hospital in Taiwan.
Methods: The medical records of all HIV-infected patients who developed NBSIs from June 1994 to June 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. A standardized case record form was used to collect demographic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiologic data.
Results: During the study period, 57 episodes of NBSIs occurred in 51 HIV-infected patients whose median age was 37 years (range, 23 to 60 years). All of the patients were at HIV infection stage C. The incidence of NBSIs was 2.3 per 1000 person-days of hospitalization (41.4 per 1000 discharges). More than three-fourths of the 57 episodes (77.2%) were classified as primary NBSIs. Other infection foci included respiratory tract (6 episodes), urinary tract (3), surgical site (2), and skin (2). Staphylococcus species were the leading pathogens (42.1%). The crude and attributable mortality rates in patients with NBSIs during the study period were 38.6% and 26.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model revealed that shock and hypoalbuminemia at the onset of NBSIs were the 2 factors predictive of mortality.
Conclusions: NBSIs in hospitalized patients in the late stage of HIV infection were associated with a high attributable mortality rate. Staphylococcus species were the leading pathogen responsible for NBSIs. Presentations of shock and hypoalbuminemia were predictive of mortality.