Susceptibility of the injured brain to epileptic seizures depends on the developmental stage at which the injury had been inflicted (our previous paper published in Epilepsy Res. 53 (2003) 216-224). The present study was designed to examine whether neuroprotective agents applied following the injury can decrease the seizure susceptibility. In order to solve this problem, the left cerebral hemisphere was mechanically injured in 6- and 30-day-old Wistar rats. Neuroprotectants FK506 or Cyclosporin A (CsA) were injected 20 min and 24h following the injury. On postnatal day 60, all the animals received single i.p. pilocarpine injections to evoke epileptic seizures. During a 6h period following the injection, the animals were observed continuously and pilocarpine-induced symptoms were recorded and rated. The animals were sacrificed 7 days after pilocarpine injection. In rats injured on postnatal days 6 or 30 (P6 or P30, respectively) and injected with FK-506 after the injury, signs of amelioration in the course of epilepsy were observed. Generally, proportions of rats suffering from heavy seizures were lower and/or their survival periods were longer. Following treatment with CsA, proportions of rats displaying heavy seizures were greater. It was accompanied by extremely high mortality (in rats injured on P6) or a longer duration of seizures (in rats injured on P30). The results appear to point to age-dependent differences between the mechanisms of action of the two neuroprotectants.