The parameters of life quality were comparatively analyzed in 59 patients aged 18 to 63 years, operated on for tuberculomas and cavitary masses of the lung in 1995 to 2002. Each patient underwent atypical pneumonectomy in the volume of not more than 2 segments via anterolateral access. Life quality was assessed, by using the Medical Outcomes Study Shirt Form (SF-36) developed by John E. Ware (Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts). This study demonstrates that timely surgery in combination with chemotherapy can significantly improve all the constituents of life quality in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The assessment of the trend of life quality parameters helps to optimize a management policy and individualize further physical, psychoemotional, social, and working rehabilitation.