Previously, it has been shown that chronic melatonin exposure in MT1-CHO cells results in receptor desensitization while at the same time producing drastic morphological changes. The addition of a depolymerizing agent during the melatonin pretreatment period prevents MT1 receptor desensitization and the changes in cellular morphology. The lack of morphological change in the presence of a depolymerizing agent is easily explained by the inability of the microtubules to polymerize, however, the prevention of receptor desensitization is a little more complex and may involve G-protein activation. The goal of this study was to determine whether melatonin-induced MT1 receptor desensitization is regulated by proteins known to regulate G-protein activation states, beta-tubulin and RGS4,using anti sense knockdown approaches. The expression of RGS4 mRNA in CHO cells was confirmed using RT PCR and successful knockdown of each was confirmed by western blot analysis or quantitative PCR. Pretreatment of MT1-CHO cells, transfected with the nonsense probes and exposed to melatonin, resulted in a desensitization of the receptor, an increase in forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation, an increase in 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding and no change in the affinity of melatonin for the MT1 receptor. However, knockdown of either beta-tubulin or RGS4 in MT1-CHO cells followed by pretreatment with melatonin attenuated the desensitization of melatonin receptors, decreased total 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding, and did not affect neither the forskolin response nor the affinity of melatonin for the MT1 receptor. Perhaps RGS4 and beta-tubulin modulate Galpha-GDP and Galpha-GTP states thus modulating MT1 melatonin receptor function.