The studies on the influence of long-term fertilization on crop yield and soil fertility of upland red soil showed that P was the most deficient in this soil, and hence, phosphorus fertilizer had the best effect on crop yield. Applying lime and microelements could not significantly increase the crop yield. The concentration of P and K in peanut could be increased if fertilizer was applied, indicating that the supply level of soil nutrients decided the nutrient concentration in plants. The reconstructive efficiency of soil available nutrient pool was dependent on the surplus or deficit of soil nutrients. When the surplus of nutrients was 1 kg x hm(-2), N was increased by 0.6-6.2 mg x kg(-1), P was increased by 0.20-0.28 mg x kg(-1), and K was increased by 1.1-8.5 mg x kg(-1). The changing in results was due to the loss of N and K from soil. The nutrient bupplying capability of soil was the quantity of the nutrients which soil could provide by weathering to satisfy the plant growth. The amount of P fixed by soil was 43.5 kg x hm(-2) x yr(-1), and that of N and K provided by soil was 40.5 and 55 x kg x hm(-2) x yr(-1), respectively.