Central glucostasis is a critical monitored variable in neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary LH secretion. Glucoprivic signals originating within the caudal hindbrain suppress LH. Septopreoptic mu opioid receptors (mu-R) function within neural pathways maintaining basal LH levels and mediate the effects of diverse physiological stimuli on hormone release. To identify potential sites in the septopreoptic area where ligand neuromodulatory actions may occur in response to hindbrain glucoprivic signaling, the present studies evaluated the distribution of mu-R-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the septopreoptic area that are genomically activated in response to caudal fourth ventricular (CV4) delivery of the glucose antimetabolite, 5-thioglucose (5TG). The effects of lateral ventricular pretreatment with the selective mu-R antagonist, d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTOP), on LH secretory and GnRH neuronal transcriptional responses to hindbrain glucoprivation were also evaluated. Estradiol benzoate- and progesterone-primed, ovariectomized female rats were treated by CV4 administration of 5TG or the vehicle, saline, at the onset of the afternoon LH surge. The inhibitory effects of hindbrain glucoprivation on mean plasma LH levels as well as colabeling of rostral preoptic GnRH neurons for Fos-ir were attenuated in animals pretreated by lateral ventricular delivery of CTOP. Dual immunocytochemical labeling for septopreoptic mu-R-ir and Fos-ir demonstrated a robust induction of Fos expression by receptor-positive neurons within discrete septopreoptic sites in response to CV4 5TG, a genomic response that was diminished by CTOP pretreatment. The current studies provide novel evidence for the transcriptional activation of neuroanatomically characterized, mu-R-expressing neurons by decreased hindbrain glucose utilization and show that the functional status of mu-R is critical for maximal induction of the Fos stimulus-transcription cascade in these cells by central glucoprivic signaling. The finding that receptor antagonist-mediated suppression of this genomic response is correlated with increased reproductive neuroendocrine output supports a role for these discrete mu-R-expressing neuron populations as substrates for ligand regulatory effects on the GnRH-pituitary LH axis during neuroglucopenia.