Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic disease of the human central nervous system. It is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where it has a serious public health and economic impact. A major diagnostic problem with neurocysticercosis is its pleomorphic nature. Conventional diagnosis of neurocysticercosis still requires brain-computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, which are definitive but often prohibitively expensive and inaccessible in endemic areas. Herein, the monoclonal antibody HP10 antigen-trapping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which has been used successfully to detect viable Taenia solium cysticercosis, was evaluated using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Mexican neurocysticercosis patients with various defined pathologies. Sensitivity was higher in cases of inflammatory compared with non-inflammatory disease (94.1% vs. 33.3%) and in cases of multiple- compared with single-cyst cysticercosis (85% vs. 33.3%). Positivity was a strong indicator of active, inflammatory, multiple-cyst neurocysticercosis detecting 100% (15/15) of such cases. The overall specificity, as determined using CSF samples from patients with other neurological symptoms, was 97.7% (42/43). Since the assay only detects viable infection, it is of known value in the follow-up of treated patients to determine whether treatment has been successful. Thus, antigen detection may be of particular value in the assessment of symptomatic patients, who may potentially benefit from rapid treatment.