This study aimed to describe health condition changes as experienced by elderly with Chronic Kidney Failure (CKF), under Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) treatment at the Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit of a public hospital in Ribeirão Preto -- SP, Brazil. Participants were six elderly under CAPD treatment, aged 61 to 74 years. The theoretical and methodological framework was thematic oral history as proposed by Meihy. Data analysis led to the category of changes in elderly's health condition and disclosed the diagnosis of the disease, signs and symptoms of CKF, causes and irreversibility.