Article presents the development of scientific work of the period of 80 years (1924-2004), research of medicinal plants and designing of their collections in Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University. Research of medicinal plants, its directions and the designing of the collections have been changing according to the separate time stages. There are three noteworthy stages of scientific research: the first--1924-1949, the second--1949-1984, and the third--1984-2004. This article reviews scientific problems of separate stages in publications, editions and scientific dissertations. The materials of the research are the collections of medicinal plants. These collections have also been changing according to many factors: political system, change of scientific workers and their chiefs, material basis, reforming of the structural subdivisions and their subordination.