Roll compaction/dry granulation (RCDG) is an agglomeration process of growing importance. New machine generations and improvements in instrumentation and process control have resulted in an increasing number of pharmaceutical applications of RCDG. This literature review illustrates the progress and the use of RCDG in the production of directly compressible excipients, the compaction of drugs and drug formulations, the granulation of inorganic materials, the granulation of dry herbal material and the production of immediate/sustained release formulations.