Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood and comprises up to 50% of malignancies among infants. There is a great need of designing novel therapeutic strategies and proteome analysis is one approach for defining markers useful for tumour diagnosis, as well as molecular targets for novel experimental therapies. We started by comparing healthy adrenal glands (which are the election organs developing primary neuroblastoma, NB, tumours) and adrenal glands carrying primary NB tumours, taken from nude mice. Standard maps of healthy and tumour samples were generated by analysis with the PDQuest software. The comparison between such maps showed up- and down-regulation of 84 polypeptide chains, out of a total of 700 spots detected by a fluorescent stain, Sypro Ruby. Spots that were differentially expressed between the two groups, were analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 14 of these spots were identified so far. Among these proteins, of particular interest are the down-regulated proteins adrenodoxin (21-folds), carbonic anhydrase III (eight-folds) and aldose reductase related protein I (eight-folds), as well as the up-regulated protein peptidyl-propyl cis-trans isomerase A (five-folds). Moreover new proteins, which were absent in control samples, were expressed in tumour samples, such as nucleophosmin (NPM) and stathmin (oncoprotein 18).