The purpose of the article is to present the National Breastfeeding Promotion Programme in the Czech Republic in the course of the last decade. It summarizes the main strategies, education and training activities of the National Breastfeeding Committee, its collaboration with the Government, Parliament, IBFAN and UNICEF. The article reviews the relevant studies on infant feeding which illustrate the increase of the prevalence of breastfeeding in the course of the 1990's and reflect the effect of the programme. Recent negotiations with the Ministry of Health have outlined the implementation of the WHO global strategy for infant and young child feeding in the Czech Republic.