The '3Rs' model and the concept of alternatives in animal research: a questionnaire survey

Simone Pollo; Augusto Vitale; Vernon Gayle; Flavia Zucco

doi:10.1038/laban0704-47

The '3Rs' model and the concept of alternatives in animal research: a questionnaire survey

Lab Anim (NY). 2004 Jul-Aug;33(7):47-53. doi: 10.1038/laban0704-47.

Authors

Simone Pollo¹, Augusto Vitale, Vernon Gayle, Flavia Zucco

Affiliation

¹ Dipartimento di Studi Filosofici e Epistemologici, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

PMID: 15224118
DOI: 10.1038/laban0704-47

Abstract

It has been 45 years since Russell and Burch first proposed the concept of the '3Rs', yet it remains unclear how those individuals involved in animal research view and implement these concepts. The authors used a questionnaire survey to determine how well-known experts judged issues related to the 3Rs.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animal Experimentation / ethics
Animal Experimentation / standards*
Animal Use Alternatives / standards
Animal Use Alternatives / trends*
Animals
European Union
Surveys and Questionnaires*