The expanding family of MyD88-like adaptors in Toll-like receptor signal transduction

Mol Immunol. 2004 Jul;41(6-7):577-82. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.006.

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the detection and elimination of invading microbes. They are type-1 transmembrane receptors, containing extracellular leucine rich repeats and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Upon stimulation, these receptors interact with specific TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins. Five such adaptors have been discovered to date, MyD88, Mal (MyD88 adaptor-like)/TIRAP (TIR domain-containing adaptor protein), Trif (TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta), TRAM (Trif-related adaptor molecule) and SARM (SAM and ARM-containing protein). Different TLRs use different combinations of these adaptors, leading to the activation of common and unique pathways involved in the elimination of the invading microbe.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Armadillo Domain Proteins
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins
  • Humans
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism*
  • Multigene Family*
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1 / genetics*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1 / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / genetics
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • Toll-Like Receptors

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
  • Armadillo Domain Proteins
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1
  • SARM1 protein, human
  • TICAM1 protein, human
  • TIRAP protein, human
  • Toll-Like Receptors