The influences of nine dentin surface treatments were evaluated on the shear bond strength of a new light-cured glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and on the SEM morphology of the treated dentin surfaces. The following treatments were performed: saline solution (control), NaOCl, acidic glycine, EDTA, malic acid, malic acid plus glycine, polyacrylic acid, tannic acid, and neutral+acidic oxalate solutions. Buccal dentin surfaces were polished with #320-grit abrasive paper, treated with one of the chemicals, washed, and air-dried. Cylindrical GIC samples were then applied to the dentin surface, stored in 100% humidity, and tested after 24 h. SEM observations demonstrated no effect of saline or NaOCl treatment on the smear layer but its complete removal with exposure of collagen fibrils after malic or malic acid plus glycine treatment. Partial removal of the smear layer occurred following glycine treatment and with tannic or polyacrylic acids. Complete removal of the smear layer was seen after EDTA or pyruvic acid treatment. Oxalate treatment produced a layer of crystals, which completely covered the dentin surface. Shear bond strength of GIC was significantly increased only by treatment with the oxalate solutions.