Vesicular and bullous dermatoses are etiopathologically different dermatoses, whose basic manifestations are vesicles or bullae. There are hereditary and acquired vesicular and bullous dermatoses. The diagnosis is based on the anamnesis, dermatologic status and laboratory findings, which are presented in detail. The aim of this paper is to show a diagnostic algorithm for vesicular and bullous diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Correct diagnosis is the precondition an adequate treatment in patients as well as for a better prognosis.