Increasing implicit self-esteem through classical conditioning

Psychol Sci. 2004 Jul;15(7):498-502. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00708.x.

Abstract

Implicit self-esteem is the automatic, nonconscious aspect of self-esteem. This study demonstrated that implicit self-esteem can be increased using a computer game that repeatedly pairs self-relevant information with smiling faces. These findings, which are consistent with principles of classical conditioning, establish the associative and interpersonal nature of implicit self-esteem and demonstrate the potential benefit of applying basic learning principles in this domain.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aggression
  • Conditioning, Classical*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Self Concept*
  • Word Association Tests