Medical pluralism and the uses of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) are phenomena of increasing interest in the international arena. The aim of this chapter is to comment on Spanish studies dealing with medical pluralism and CAM. We have only a few scattered anthropological studies, and some data from surveys in Catalonia. There is an urgent need to carry out studies to ascertain the level of medical pluralism in Spain in order to develop care policies which provide assurance to the population in this area.