Chaotic behaviors of operational amplifiers

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2004 Apr;69(4 Pt 2):045201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.045201. Epub 2004 Apr 14.

Abstract

We investigate nonlinear dynamical behaviors of operational amplifiers. When the output terminal of an operational amplifier is connected to the inverting input terminal, the circuit exhibits period-doubling bifurcation, chaos, and periodic windows, depending on the voltages of the positive and the negative power supplies. We study these nonlinear dynamical characteristics of this electronic circuit experimentally.