Despite the established benefits of decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in reducing morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, not all patients who would benefit from lipid-lowering therapy are being managed appropriately. An in-depth review of the literature (2000-2003) demonstrates that the 'treatment gap' varies across different clinical settings. Although the use of lipid-lowering agents has increased in recent years, there continues to be a widespread failure in the achievement of recommended lipid levels. A combination of the use of the most efficacious statins, together with intervention strategies to ensure that all eligible individuals receive appropriate treatment to achieve lipid goals, are important considerations in minimizing the burden of dyslipidemia in Europe.