The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of the Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation from Fundeni Clinical Institute (Bucharest) regarding the results of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in the squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. During 01.01.2001-09.07.2003, 15 patients with squamous carcinoma of the esophagus were treated using neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT); 13 patients (86%) underwent esophageal resection (in 2 patients resection was not possible due to the mediastinal invasion). Complete histological response (the lack of malignant tissue on the esophagectomy specimens) was noted in 5 cases. The morbidity and mortality rates were 48%, respectively 6%. RCT increases the resectability in esophageal cancer and decreases the postoperative morbidity and mortality.