Fibrin matrix, a naturally derived biodegradable polymer matrix, was evaluated as a scaffold for hepatocyte transplantation in an athymic mouse model. One week after transplantation, opaque conglomerates of the transplanted hepatocytes and fibrin matrix were found on the intestinal mesentery, whereas no transplanted hepatocytes were observed in control groups (transplantation of hepatocytes suspended in culture medium). The hepatocytes in the conglomerates retained hepatocyte-specific functions, as examined with histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings. Stable hepatocyte engraftment may thus be achieved by hepatocyte transplantation using fibrin matrix.