Gastroenterology has emerged from paediatrics as a separate discipline after 1978, due to the development of basic sciences, i.e., biochemistry, immunology, pathomorphology and introduction of miniaturized endoscopic and radiological equipment. This paper describes the most significant achievements in the areas of gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition in children in particular medical centres in Poland. It also discusses the role of the Polish Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, the role of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), and the role of other Scientific Societies and Foundations supporting the development of science and education. The emphasis has been placed upon utilitarian research and education with regard to the management of children with gastrointestinal and hepatic disease.