Analysing the relations between TCM syndrome differentiation type and pathology in 312 patients with gastric cancer, the authors put forward the syndrome differentiation type of deficiency of vitality and excess in superficiality. The studies showed that the four syndrome types of deficiency of vitality such as Spleen-Stomach deficiency, Qi-Xue deficiency, Yin deficiency and inner heat, Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency and the three syndrome types of excess in superficiality such as Liver-Stomach disorder, blood stasis and stagnation of Qi, Phlegm-dampness and stagnation of toxic. The same changes in pathologic characteristic of both were from early to late stage, the infiltration getting deeper, the tumor getting larger and the metastasis of lymph nodes around the stomach from little to much. Their difference was that in the deficiency of vitality syndrome-type, the chief manifestation was in nest or spread infiltration type which became serious by degrees, whereas in excess in superficiality type, the reaction of lymphoidocytes around the cancer was decreasing. The studies also showed that in most syndrome types of Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency and Phlegm-dampness and stagnation of toxic, the tumor occurred in wide-range and the degree of tissue differentiation was quite low. The authors suggested that there might be morphopathologic basis in TCM syndrome differentiation types and the conclusion has practical value in guiding clinics.