Glutathione propagates oxidative stress triggered by myeloperoxidase in HL-60 cells. Evidence for glutathionyl radical-induced peroxidation of phospholipids and cytotoxicity

J Biol Chem. 2004 May 28;279(22):23453-62. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M400119200. Epub 2004 Mar 23.

Abstract

Glutathione acts as a universal scavenger of free radicals at the expense of the formation of the glutathionyl radicals (GS*). Here we demonstrated that GS* radicals specifically interact with a reporter molecule, paramagnetic and non-fluorescent 4-((9-acridinecarbonyl)-amino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Ac-Tempo), and convert it into a non-paramagnetic fluorescent product, identified as 4-((9-acridinecarbonyl)amino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (Ac-piperidine). Horseradish peroxidase-, myeloperoxidase-, and cyclooxygenasecatalyzed oxidation of phenol in the presence of H2O2 and GSH caused the generation of phenoxyl radicals and GS* radicals, of which only the latter reacted with Ac-Tempo. Oxidation of several other phenolic compounds (e.g. etoposide and tyrosine) was accompanied by the formation of GS* radicals along with a characteristic fluorescence response from Ac-Tempo. In myeloperoxidase-rich HL-60 cells treated with H2O2 and phenol, fluorescence microscopic imaging of Ac-Tempo revealed the production of GS* radicals. A thiol-blocking reagent, N-ethylmaleimide, as well as myeloperoxidase inhibitors (succinyl acetone and azide), blocked formation of fluorescent acridine-piperidine. H2O2/phenolinduced peroxidation of major classes of phospholipids in HL-60 cells was completely inhibited by Ac-Tempo, indicating that GS* radicals were responsible for phospholipid peroxidation. Thus, GSH, commonly viewed as a universal free radical scavenger and major intracellular antioxidant, acts as a pro-oxidant during myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolism of phenol in HL-60 cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Survival
  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Free Radicals / metabolism
  • Glutathione / metabolism*
  • HL-60 Cells
  • Humans
  • Lipid Peroxidation
  • Oxidative Stress / physiology*
  • Peroxidase / metabolism*

Substances

  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Free Radicals
  • Peroxidase
  • Glutathione