The WHO data indicate HCV infection as a very important problem for public health. About 3.1% of world population was infected in the years 1975-1980. According to WHO prognosis number of infected persons is still growing. The importance of this problem is illustrated by the fact of its priority range of WHO, European Union Health programs as well as National Health Program in Poland. Clinical picture and lack of epidemiological data make the data about real endanger incomplete. The prevalence of HCV infection have never been established unequivocally, and available data are different. Current (1999) PZH register gives the number of hepatitis C cases as 1988, and incidence rate was 5.1 per 100,000. Epidemiology of HCV infection is basically shaped by the way of infection. Infection by blood and blood products did not tested for anti-HCV antibodies as well as using infected medical instruments are well documented. There are also possibilities of sexual, perinatal and household infections. Acupuncture, tattoo and other manipulations living to skin discontinue also favour the HCV infection. The risk of infection connected with health care serving is the most important for patients as well as for healthcare professionals.