A 75-year-old man suffered from perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (p-ANCA)-associated vasculitis with mild renal involvement. Three years later, he suddenly experienced an anuric acute renal failure due to anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease. Antibodies to myeloperoxydase were continuously present at a high titer in the patient's serum while serum anti-GBM antibodies were only detected at the time of the acute renal failure. A substantial proportion of patients with anti-GBM glomerulonephritis simultaneously display ANCAs whose pathogenic role is not clear. In our case, ANCAs were supposed to be of pathogenic importance because they may have uncovered the Goodpasture antigen. This case report lends further support to the concept that p-ANCA vasculitis may trigger anti-GBM disease.