During endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, aneurysmal involvement of the common or internal iliac arteries occasionally necessitates elective occlusion of one or both internal iliac arteries. Although elective internal iliac artery occlusion is often well tolerated, it can result in complications such as buttock claudication or rest pain, impotence, and colon ischemia. We report a case of gluteal compartment syndrome following elective unilateral internal iliac artery embolization prior to endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. On the first postoperative day, the patient developed sciatic nerve palsy, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure, which promptly resolved after emergent operative exploration of his left buttock and debridement of all grossly necrotic muscle. This case emphasizes the point that, although elective internal iliac artery interruption is usually benign, it can have serious and unexpected complications that necessitate expeditious treatment for complete recovery.